SOURCES and MODS of INFECTION: Infectious diseases are transmitted to susceptible hosts either by disease production or by an infected person. Basically there are four links in the chain of infection.

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DESCRIPTION:

They are

1. Infectious factor
2. Reservoir of pathogens
3. Modes of transmission or transmission
4. Hospitality in an infectious state.

This "chain of transmission" continues to expand until it is complete. We must take action to break this link to prevent and control such infections.

1. Infectious factor:

Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa etc. These are common infectious agents. The latent disease-causing potential of a microorganism or parasite depends on the following factors:

a) Sufficient organisms

b) The intensity or ability to produce disease

c) Ability to enter the host's body and survive

d) A situation where the host is affected by the disease.

2. Reservoir of pathogens:

For an infectious disease to be caused, the disease must be produced by or contained in the pathogen. Infectious pathogens Initiation of disease is defined as the transmission of the pathogen from a human, animal, or other material to the host. Disease A human, animal, plant, soil or material containing an infectious agent it is called reservoir of germ . Reservoir or reservoir of pathogens cab be of three tyeps below .

(1). Humann reservoir

(2). Animal reservoir

(3). Non- living matter reservoir

3. Modes of infection or transmission:

The third link in the infection chain is the mode of infection. Infectious diseases spread from their reservoir or pathogen reservoir to a susceptible individual in a number of ways. The modes of transmission of infectious diseases are divided into two categories. They are direct diffusion and indirect diffusion.

(1). Direct Diffusion

(2). Indirect Diffusion

(3). Airborne transmission

(4). Fomite

(5). Route of contaminated Hands and Fingers

4. Susceptible host:

It is the fourth link in the chain of infection. Immunizing agents are available to protect against infectious diseases. Vaccination program plays a very important role in disease prevention.

CHAIN OF INFECTION:

Disease prevention and control:

Disease Prevention and Control: Actions to reduce disease, its spread, and its effects. Its basic principle is to break the weak link of infection. More than one control path can be carried out at the same time. Choose these ways, the cost, energy and its benefits Depends on the nature of the intake.

(1). Corolling the reservoir.

Controlling animal reservoirs is very simple. But it is more difficult in humans. Human reservoirs can be controlled by identifying the disease, promptly notifying the public health authority, and isolating and treating the patient accordingly.

(2). Breaking the route of transmisssion.

An important aspect in controlling the spread of infectious diseases is to control the routes of transmission.

Disconnection. E.g. Diseases like typhoid, scurvy and cholera are spread through water, so the above diseases can be eradicated by purifying water. In unsanitary areas, food-borne diseases are often spread by hand washing, proper cooking and preservation, and can be avoided. By controlling vectors properly, vector-borne diseases can be avoided. By self-cleaning, you can avoid ringworm infection. In short, disease can be controlled by blocking the routes of transmission.

(3). Susceptible Host .

As the third link in the transmission chain, the susceptible host can be protected by the following means:

i.Active Immunization Program: This can provide protection and prevent the spread of disease. (eg) Diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, measles etc. A vaccination schedule can be followed as appropriate for the disease. A large degree of protection is provided by vaccination.

II. Passive Immunization: Its role in control is minimal. Recommended under certain circumstances for people with incontinence. etc. E.g. Rubella, varicella zoster, rabies, tetanus fection

iii. Chemoprophylaxis: Chemoprophylaxis is the use of chemicals such as antibiotics to prevent infection. Pending are protected. Tetracycline for cholera. Due to this easy disease infection eg sulphonamide for plague,

iv. Other specific measures (Non Specific Measures): Through better housing, drinking water, sanitation, food, education, etc., diseases like tuberculosis, cholera, leprosy can be controlled by raising the standard of living. Community participation and health education are also effective means of disease prevention.