Immunology: Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms

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 Immunology:  

👉The body makes certain defenses to protect itself from microbial attack. The study of such resistances is immunology.

👉Humans can produce their own anti-microbial power within their bodies. It is found in nature.

👉 For example, typhoid disease never comes to some people. That immunity is found naturally in their body.

1Antigen:

👉 Most microbes are capable of causing disease in the body. This pathogenic region is found in the body of the microbe. Through this, the internal and external toxins increase and affect the tissues of the body. The pathogenic part of this microorganism is called "Antigen".

👉Antigen is a protein complex. It should be familiar or foreign to body parts. Once these enter the body tissues attack At the same time this from some cells in the tissue Antibodies are produced to counteract the antigen. This is called antibody.

👉This antibody is a hybrid. E of that protein belongs to the type of Gammaglobulin. The antibody binds only to the antigen by which it is produced.

👉 These antibodies are found in the bloodstream. This combination of antigen and antibody is called antigen-antibody conjugate or conjugation. Antibody reacts with that antigen

👉Protects from impact. But the antibody produced by different cholera germs entering the body is powerless against typhoid germs entering the same body.

Antigens are mainly of two types.

               (1). Soluble antigen 

               (2). Sessile antigen.

(1) Soluble antigen: 

         It is released from the body of the microorganism and diffuses into the surroundings. It does not require direct contact with the microorganism to induce antibody.

(2) Sessile Antigen: 

             It is found inside the microorganism. It directly penetrates the body to produce antibodies and access the antibody producing cells to express the antibody. If this sessile antigen is to be isolated separately, it must be obtained by killing the microorganism.Microorganisms are made up of many parts. Each part is an antigen of some microorganism. Each part produces its own specific antibodies The fragments are called microbial antigen and microbial antibody. These antigens can be mainly divided into 3 types. All three depend on the type of antigen.

1) Flagellar Antigen

2) Somatic Antigen

3) Capsular Antigen.

Flagellar antigen: 

       

            Flagellar antigen is a motile microorganism Found in existing flagella. When these microbes enter the body, the plaquella produce antibodies against them. This is called Pinzella antibody. This antibody binds only to the type of plaque produced by it. Thus, when the antigen and antibody combine, the motile microorganism is prevented from moving to another site.

Capsule Antigen:  

          

              A gelatinous layer on the outer walls of some microbes is seen. This is called a capsule. It has the ability to produce antibodies in the body. When this antibody binds to the capsule antigen, the virulence of the microorganism is reduced.

Somatic Antigen:

               A somatic antigen is on the outer (cell) wall of a microorganism. is seen. When these enter the body, they have the ability to produce antibodies. As the antibody formed in this way combines with the antigen, the cell wall containing the antigen is destroyed. Thus there are microorganisms.

Uses of Antigens All of them belong to sessile antigen category, including shed plagella, capsule, somatic antigens.

1. Helps to find the symptom. 

2. Helps to identify the type of human blood.