Human tooth : Human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting

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 Human tooth

Human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting and crushing them in

preparation for swallowing and digesting. As such, they are considered part of the human digestive

system.[1] Humans have four types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, which each

have a specific function. The incisors cut the food, the canines tear the food and the molars and

premolars crush the food. The roots of teeth are embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw) or the

mandible (lower jaw) and are covered by gums. Teeth are made of multiple tissues of varying

density and hardness.

Humans, like most other mammals, are

diphyodont, meaning that they develop two sets

of teeth. The first set, deciduous teeth, also called

"primary teeth", "baby teeth", or "milk teeth",

normally eventually contains 20 teeth. Primary

teeth typically start to appear ("erupt") around six

months of age and this may be distracting and/or

painful for the infant. However, some babies are

born with one or more visible teeth, known as

neonatal teeth or "natal teeth".

Structure:

Dental anatomy is dedicated to the study of tooth structure. The development, appearance, and

classification of teeth fall within its field of study, though dental occlusion, or contact between teeth,

does not. Dental anatomy is also a taxonomic science as it is concerned with the naming of teeth and their structures. This information serves a practical purpose for dentists, enabling them to easily identify and describe teeth and structures during treatment.

The anatomic crown of a tooth is the area covered in enamel above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) or "neck" of the tooth. Most of the crown is composed of dentin ("dentine" in British English) with the pulp chamber inside. The crown is within bone before eruption. After eruption,

it is almost always visible. The anatomic root is found below the CEJ and is covered with

cementum. As with the crown, dentin composes most of the root, which normally has pulp canals.

Canines and most premolars, except for maxillary first premolars, usually have one root. Maxillary first premolars and mandibular molars usually have two roots. Maxillary molars usually have three roots. Additional roots are referred to as supernumerary roots.

Humans usually have 20 primary (deciduous, "baby" or "milk") teeth and 32 permanent (adult) teeth.

Teeth are classified as incisors, canines, premolars (also called bicuspids), and molars. Incisors are primarily used for cutting, canines are for tearing, and molars serve for grinding.

Most teeth have identifiable features that distinguish them from others. 

There are several different notation systems to refer to a specific tooth. The three most common systems are the FDI World Dental Federation notation (ISO 3950), the Universal Numbering System, and the Palmer notation.

The FDI system is used worldwide, the Universal only in the United States, while the older Palmer

notation still has some adherents only in the United Kingdom.

Primary teeth

Among deciduous (primary) teeth, ten are found in the maxilla (upper jaw) and ten in the mandible

(lower jaw), for a total of 20. The dental formula for primary teeth in humans is 2.1.0.2

                                                          ----------

                                                          2.1.0.2

In the primary set of teeth, in addition to the canines there are two types of incisors—centrals and

laterals—and two types of molars—first and second. All primary teeth are normally later replaced

with their permanent counterparts.